BIOCONTROL DE Botrytis cinerea A PARTIR DE EXTRACTOS FENÓLICOS DE FRESA

Abstract

Michoacan is the first producer of strawberry in Mexico, occupying approximately 4,300 h in the last year. The strawberry crop is susceptible to disease-causing by pathogenic microorganisms, such as, Botrytis cinerea gray mold as causal agent a major disease of this crop. It causes major economic losses, therefore it is usually controlled with agrochemicals, for that reason it requires of new alternative of control. An alternative that is propose in this paper, is the use of biological inputs, as strawberry plants that finished production cycle meant for obtaining plant extracts that present antimicrobial activity and also allow the crop sustainability. Two ethanol extracts of strawberry plants were evaluated. The first extract was obtained using high temperature (EFEC) and the second extract at room temperature (EFES). It performed an in vitro test of the biocontrol activity of the extracts in three different volumes in potato dextrose agar (PDA), and one in vivo test the extracts were sprayed on strawberry fruits; in a similar way it performed a fractionation thin layer chromatography, each one of the fractions was evaluated in vitro; confronting each test with the fungus B. cinerea. The EFES at 125 μL concentrations allowed the inhibition of the production of biomass dry weight basis of the fungus. Another interesting finding was the inhibition of spore formation in both extracts at least one concentration. In vivo evaluation both extracts showed significant inhibition of the development of the disease with a percent inhibition of 73.8% and 66.3% for EFEC and EFES compared to the control (p ≤ 0.05). Regarding the evaluation of the fractions, three of them in each extract, allowed significantly reduce pathogen mycelial growth. This biocontrol activity could be attributed to the presence of flavonoids type compounds.