BACTERIAS ANTAGONICASAISLADAS DE FRESA, COMO CONTROLADORAS DE Botrytis cinerea y Rhizopus stolonifer EN FRUTOS DE FRESA POSTCOSECHA

Abstract

Strawberry is a non-climacteric fruit, with a short postharvest life. The handling of it is performed at room temperature which is conducive to decay by 80% in just 8 hours. Another factor in loss of quality is the damage by fungi, especially gray mold (Botrytis cinerea), and soft rot (Rhizopus stolonifer) two high impact pathogens on the fruit after harvest. Botrytis cinerea, has the ability to continue to develop even at low temperatures (0 ° C-4 ° C) making it difficult to control. Rhizopus stolonifer is a very versatile plant pathogen with fast growth that cause important economic losses. An alternative to control damage in fruit postharvest pathogens is the use of microbial antagonists. In this study, were isolated 39 bacteria, of which 15 were wild strawberry leaf tissue known as Strawberry India (Duchesnea indicates Andr. Fock) and the other 24 from commercial strawberry. Nine of them were selected in vitro showed antagonistic activity to Botrytis cinerea and Rhizopus stolonifer. The highest percentages of mycelial growth inhibition ranged from 67.1% to 81.7% for Botrytis cinerea and 45.5% to 73.2% for Rhizopus stolonifer as a result of interaction with four isolates obtained from: two wild strawberry and two commercial, all of them with ability to control both pathogens. When applied in vivo was found that only 3 showed potential biocontrol strains of both pathogens, 2 tissue from wild strawberry and strawberry tissue commercial, commercial origin strain introduced control over B. cinerea of 37.5%, on the other side of the biocontrol strains showed wild on two pathogens, with 30% of biocontrol for B. cinerea and 8.5% for R. stolonifer. Notwithstanding the above studies should be continued in order to achieve a sustainable technology and environmentally friendly