ESTUDIO DE ALTERNATIVAS, PARA EL USO SUSTENTABLE DEL AGUA DE LLUVIA

Abstract

The excessive population growth and industrial to cover development the man needs has led to a severe known environmental problem as global warming, inducing that several aspects changes physicists of the land, which have a direct impact on the availability of the water resources such as precipitation, thereby rainfall or extreme drought in various parts of the planet. The worldwide water scarcity problems complicate even further with the climate change and Mexico does not save this problem, which is has the need to propose new forms of water to supply ensure the sustainability of the resource. By making this thesis proposed to as a complementary solution to rainwater catchment systems to help combat the shortage of water in rural towns, the does not have some sort of drinking water supply system these economic systems to be easy to build and acceptance; features that facilitate their implementation to another type of system. In this Thesis and with the aim of ensuring the acquisition systems design of rain water was required to analyze diverse documentation structures used acquisition from history, also know the new techniques and methods developed today, as well as the importance they taken in different parts of the world, taking objective analysis of the rainwater for human use, the materials acquisition systems used in these systems and the advantages and disadvantages presented to its use. To ensure that rainwater is consumable by the man after prior treatment, is taken as reference two water quality studies carried out in two projects, one of the Institute Mexican of Water Technology (IMTA) and another by the International Centre of Demonstration and Training in Use of Water from Rain (CIDECALLI), still necessary to mention some chemical terms to compare values obtained with the permissible values of water quality, established by the Mexican standards. Although the rainwater catchment systems rely on directly precipitation in the area, are a source of supply contributing to the sustainability of water, as well as obtain water some other spin-offs to use such systems and that are appreciate the development of this Thesis. This thesis integrates 6 chapters of which are a summary: In Chapter 1. Introduction is refers to the need to propose alternatives to the sustainability of water on the planet, in particular for Mexico given the new scenario created by the effects of climate change. One of these alternatives is the abstraction of rainwater, which is not a new technology development, is a technique which we must return can contribute significantly to solving the problem of water scarcity, as well as with the sustainable development of the country. In Chapter 2. Main systems of uptake of water rain (SCALL) used in Mexico and the world can be seen acquisition structures used in the story, also presented new techniques and methods developed and the importance that have been taken in different parts of the world. Similarly make highlight the advantages, disadvantages and new needs acquisition systems and additional consequences to be with your application. In Chapter 3. Rain water quality refers to the amount of water that can be replaced by rainwater for drinking and domestic, highlighting the quality which presents rainwater, to compare results of studies carried out by institutions dedicated to the regulation of the resource water in Mexico and the permissible limits of water quality established by the standard official Mexican NOM-127-SSA1-1994. In Chapter 4. Considerations for design of the SCALL s and mention of the specifications for the calculation of SCALL, widely known system components systems, it will see different materials and the benefits they provide in the construction of each component. In Chapter 5. Examples of calculation, design and maintenance of the system, shown in examples how to calculate the requirements for the design of the SCALL, whereas two methods one proposed by the National Polytechnic Institute for Integral Development Research Interdisciplinary Centre Regional Unit Oaxaca, Mexico (IPN-CIIDIR) 2007 and one proposed by the Unit of Support Technician for the Sanitation Base of the Area Rural Lima, Peru (UNATSABAR) 2004; both very similar system. If same are some basic purification methods as part of the treatment for water of good quality and some recommendations for operation and maintenance must provide you the system SCALL. In Chapter 6. Conclusions and recommendations, described the conclusions and recommendations that were set on this thesis, which include the following: to physical changes environmental, motivated by global warming it is important to care water resources with alternative technologies which are inexpensive and to facilitate its implementation. The use of the SCALL has already become a need and they should be considered in any work of building as an alternative system of water supply. It is also recommended to use this document as a first step for the implementation of a manual on SCALL, because although the elements of the system are very simple, it is necessary to work hard in designs to ensure water quality and health of the people.